When internationalization changed from experiencing the growth of outward mobility in the 1980s and 1990s to implementing particular practices on campus, Taiwan became an interesting case study for the critical examination of the key question about whose interests are served during the process of internationalization of higher education. This study aimed to explore the views of faculty and students about the internationalization of higher education in Taiwan to fill the gap between the policy rhetoric and realties. Providing empirical evidence to identify the perceptual gap between what is being said and what is actually happening is a promising step forward for higher education stakeholders as they consider what internationalization is for and for whom it is intended. The study began by interviewing 52 academics from various disciplines. Secondly, 14 focus groups with 122 students were undertaken. The results revealed that faculty critically questioned the idea of internationalization and students felt disengaged with internationalization. These views challenge the taken-for-granted assumption that institutional practices of internationalization benefit students’ learning. Based on the results, conclusions and suggestions are proposed.